The Relationship Between the Immunological Markers and the Effects of Ascorbic Acid in Patients with Celiac Disease

Hind Jaber Hassoon; Shrooq Ali Hussein; Yasir W. Issa; Muhammed Mizher Radhi

Hind Jaber Hassoon
Shrooq Ali Hussein
Yasir W. Issa
Muhammed Mizher Radhi

Keywords: AGA-IgA, and IgG, Celiac disease, Ascorbic Acid, cyclic voltammetry, tTG-IgA, and –IgG .

Abstract

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion, resulting in intestinal inflammation, villous atrophy, and systemic complications. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is a potent antioxidant that may help mitigate oxidative damage and modulate immune responses in CD.

Aims of the study: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ascorbic acid on immunological markers in CD patients.

Materials and Methods; A total of 36 blood samples from CD patients and 50 healthy controls were analyzed. Immunological markers, including anti-gliadin antibodies IgA and IgG (AGA-IgA, IgG) and anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA and IgG (tTG-IgA, IgG), were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Redox activity was assessed pre- and post- Blood treatment with ascorbic acid using cyclic voltammetry.

Results: CD patients exhibited significantly higher levels of AGA-IgG (149.13 ± 58.40 pg/mL vs. 4.41 ± 3.87 pg/mL, p ≤ 0.0001), AGA-IgA (107.89 ± 83.18 pg/mL vs. 4.53 ± 4.22 pg/mL, p ≤ 0.0001), tTG-IgG (96.81 ± 84.76 pg/mL vs. 2.60 ± 3.02 pg/mL, p ≤ 0.0001), and tTG-IgA (139.22 ± 74.36 pg/mL vs. 3.52 ± 2.97 pg/mL, p ≤ 0.0001) compared to controls. ROC analysis confirmed high diagnostic accuracy of AGA and tTG markers (AUC ≥ 0.95). Correlation analysis demonstrated that ascorbic acid modulates redox activity and immune responses in CD patients.

Conclusions: This study highlights ability to reduce oxidative stress of ascorbic acid in CD and stabilize immune responses. Further research is warranted to establish ascorbic acid’s clinical application in CD management.