Journal of Madenat Alelem University College

Detection of some virulence factors in Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from clinical specimens in Iraq

Sara Amer Naser , Wafaa Fadhil Hammad, Taghreed Kheder Mohammed — Sun, 01 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0100

120 samples were collected from different clinical samples including swabs from wounds, noses, and pimples, blood, CSF, and medical equipment (catheters for dialysis and heart valves), among different age groups and sexes, from Gazzi Al-Hariri Hospital and Baghdad Teaching Hospital, during the period from Dec. 2022 to Aug. 2023. The ages from 10 to 65 years old were the range of the study. According to the results, 73 (60.83%) of the samples tested positive for Staphylococcus epidermidis, and the 47 females (64.38%) were more infected than the 26 males (35.61%). The age group of (36–50 years) showed a considerable increase in the infection ratio, followed by (25-35 years), then the age group of (51-65 years) and (10-24 years). The current study was performed in Baghdad Teaching Hospital/Department of Bacteriology. Differential and specific culture media were used to confirm the isolated clinical specimens. Virulence factors and biochemical tests were performed. The diagnosis was verified with the Vitek 2 system. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was achieved by applying the disk diffusion method. Ten S. epidermidis isolates were chosen, and their DNA was extracted and amplified using PCR to detect and validate the presence of the (mecAand ermA) genes. The current study used male mice as a model to perform the lethal dose (LD50). The mice weighed between 22 and 30 g and were between the ages of 2 and 3 months. And in the College of Veterinary Medicine, the mice were sheltered in the animal house. The mice were treated with the bacterial suspension that was adjusted to 0.5 McFerland standard, while, the control group was treated with phosphate buffer saline (PBS), and the mice were daily monitored. The mice exhibited transient behavioral abnormalities, decreased movement, and lethargy when compared with the control group. The skin showed pictures of severe dermatitis. When the mice died, their affected skin, liver, intestine, and heart were taken and preserved in the formalin to send them to the laboratory of histopathology. The histopathology techniques were performed in the histopathology laboratory-College of Veterinary Medicine. Normal cytoarchitecture and appearance were seen in the histopathology figures of the control group. While, the figures of the histopathology of the injury group showed severe hepatitis, severe myocardial infarction, severe enteritis, and the skin appeared with severe dermatitis.

Study of Converting waste to energy: Iraq’s potential and the role of artificial intelligence in sustainable solutions

Ghada S.mohammed , Wala’a A.Mahdi, Riyam M.Alsammarraie — Sun, 01 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0100

Energy supply and waste management are becoming increasingly important for Iraq and the Middle East. Population growth, rapid urbanization, and economic development have increased waste generation. In addition, when energy demand exceeds supply, it leads to frequent power outages. Waste-to-energy is a new approach that offers environmental, economic, and security benefits by integrating waste treatment with clean energy production. This paper examines several waste-to-energy methods in Iraq today, including gasification, incineration, and others. These technologies have the potential to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions, increase local and sustainable energy sources, and reduce the amount of garbage that ends up in landfills. Strategies for waste-to-energy are also discussed, as are the challenges facing waste-to-energy programs in Iraq. The role of the world and the Middle East in waste-to-energy, especially electricity, is also discussed. In addition, future prospects for Iraq are highlighted, including strengthening government initiatives, the possibility of international cooperation, and utilizing large amounts of waste as a resource for energy generation. Several suggestions have been made to improve the method waste-to-energy projects are implemented in Iraq. These suggestions include developing a strong infrastructure for waste management and energy conversion, using appropriate and advanced waste-to-energy technologies, such as electricity. Also, efficient policies and regulations should be enacted to support waste-to-energy. Iraq can also seize the opportunity to develop strategic partnerships with international companies specialized in environmental technology and waste-to-energy and also focus on marketing and awareness to enhance community awareness of the benefits of waste-to-energy and electricity generation, which would encourage increased investment projects in this field.

Applications of Artificial Intelligence in environmental and economic life cycle analysis of green hydrogen production: improving efficiency and sustainability

Ghada S.mohammed , Wala’a A.Mahdi, Suhad Sameer, Matai Naji Saeed — Sun, 01 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0100

This paper aims to explore the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in improving the environmental and economic analysis of the life cycle of green hydrogen production. The study includes a presentation of how AI can be used to collect and analyze data, model future scenarios, improve process efficiency, and manage risks. Green hydrogen is one of the most promising solutions to achieve sustainability and clean energy goals, but its production requires advanced technology and high efficiency. The study used a multi-level approach that includes a literature review, experimental data analysis, and the application of predictive models and simulations, with a focus on practical applications of AI in the life cycle stages. The study showed that AI can improve the accuracy and effectiveness of data collection, build advanced predictive models, and experiment with scenarios to determine the best environmental and economic options. AI also has the potential to improve the efficiency of production processes by optimizing resource allocation and reducing waste, which increases the productivity of electrolyzer. In addition, AI has contributed to the effective assessment and management of risks, which helps in making informed decisions. AI tools have provided advanced graphical visualizations and data-driven recommendations, which facilitate the decision-making process and enhance sustainability. The study finds that AI plays a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of green hydrogen production and recommends further research and development in this area to achieve global sustainability goals.

Electrochemical reduction of gold nanoparticles using scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) technique

Ali E. Karim — Sun, 01 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0100

A thin film of gold–ions doped microscope slides was synthesized by using the sol-gel method. Firstly, tetraethyl orthosilane ( TEOS) incorporated with AuCl3 was hydrolyzed and then conduced. Microscope slides have been immersed in silica solution for a few minutes to form a thin layer of silica on the slides. Then, the scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) technique was used for electro reduction of gold ions. Many techniques have been used to characterize the microscope slides before and after the reduction such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), optical microscopy, and x-ray diffraction (XRD) calculations.

Converting Solid waste to electrical energy: review the utilization of the techniques and applications in the Region

Ghada S.mohammed , Riyam M.Alsammarraie, Sura abdulkareem salih — Sun, 01 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0100

The MENA (Middle East & North Africa) face significant challenges in waste management due to rapid urbanization, population growth, and economic development, these challenges require innovative and sustainable solutions to deal with the increasing quantities of solid waste. Converting solid waste to electrical energy represents a promising solution that can reduce the environmental impact and provide an alternative source of energy. This study aims to review the application of different solid waste to electrical energy technologies in the MENA, focusing on incineration, gasification, anaerobic digestion, landfill gas recovery, and hybrid systems. Also, it presents environmental, economic, and social advantages, as well as their Challenges. This study also presents an analysis of the regional waste composition, the suitability of the technologies, and the Regulatory Barriers to Solid Waste to Electrical Energy Technologies with identifying potential opportunities to enhance the application of these technologies. Also, this study provides strategic recommendations to support the adoption of Solid waste to electrical energy technologies in the MENA, including improving regulatory frameworks, providing financial incentives, and enhancing public-private partnerships. The study also calls for increasing public awareness and waste source segregation to maximise these technologies' benefits. Through these recommendations, Solid waste to electrical energy technologies can contribute to achieving sustainable development goals and promoting a circular economy in the region, thus improving quality of life and reducing environmental pollution.

The Role of the Public in Preventing and Combating Crime

Hassan Basheet Khuwain Al-Fawadi — Sun, 01 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0100

The responsibility of building a society in which security, stability and prosperity prevail is no longer limited to the executive state institutions alone. Rather, the citizen must have a role in confronting all the dangers that threaten the entity of that society, including crime, as it constitutes a danger to all members of society.

The individual is harmed by crime, directly or indirectly, and that is why most legislation is keen to urge the citizen to contribute to fighting crime through the included provision that encourages the individual to do these actions and in some cases these provisions are mandatory that imposes a penalty on those who fail to do it.

Among the actions that citizens can do is report crimes, as well as arrest their perpetrators. Given the importance of this topic, it has been highlighted in order to know whether the citizen's contributions in this field are at the required level or not.

In order to reach the necessary recommendations and proposals that increase the effectiveness of these contributions.

Costing of Iraqi University Buildings Subject to LEED Standard

Sun, 01 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0100

The research aims to determine the costs of sustainable buildings according to the superiority standards in energy and environmental design to achieve savings in the consumption of resources (such as energy and water) and to preserve the environment in terms of reducing the negative impact of buildings on the environment. this one of the most important causes of global warming, which requires the application of sustainable strategies in order to reduce their negative impact and save on the consumption of resources ,this achieving the three dimensions of sustainability (economic, environmental and social). It was concluded that it is necessary to determine the costs of sustainable buildings according to the standards of the leadership in energy and environmental design system represented by (transportation and location standard, sustainable location standard, water consumption efficiency standard, energy consumption and atmosphere efficiency standard, materials, resources and waste management standard, indoor environmental quality standard) that will be adopted in determining the costs of rehabilitating existing university buildings towards sustainable

Judicial permissibility in a marriage lacking legal capacity and its impact on increasing divorce cases

Ali Abdul Azeez AlGburi — Sun, 01 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0100

With increasing calls to limit the marriage of minors through the media and seminars held by civil society organizations defending women and demanding their rights, and claims of an increase in divorce rates in particular for this group. This study came to determine the extent of the impact of judicial permissibility based on the text of Article (8) of the Personal Status Law No. 188 of 1959, as it explained the meaning of eligibility, its levels, conditions for achieving it, and everything related to the marriage of a minor from a legal perspective. It then shed light on the rates of marriage of minors compared to adults and the rates of divorce in these two categories through a field study in both the Personal Status Courts in Al-Kadhimiya and Dhat Al-Silsil and reviewing related records, and concluded with a set of results and recommendations.