Journal of Madenat Al-elem University is refereed Bi-yearly scientific journal issued by Madenat Alelem University , First volume was published in 2009, Research submitted in Arabic or in English language of the following topics: - Biology - Engineering - Medical physics - Physics - Chemistry - Mathematics - Anesthesia - Accounting - Law - Computer science The journal can also consider special issues for special events like conferences.
The impact of green computing on environmental costs
This research aims to demonstrate the role of green computing technology in reducing environmental costs by improving efficiency and minimizing the waste of natural resources. Green computing can address numerous environmental problems through a range of tools that reduce harmful environmental impacts and lower associated costs. By using green computing tools that reduce the environmental impact of electronic devices, decrease energy consumption, and manage electronic waste, a survey was conducted via an electronic questionnaire. The research reached several conclusions, the most important of which is that green computing contributes to reducing energy consumption and using resources in a way that Efficient and effective by reducing the number of devices used and designing devices in a way that minimizes energy consumption when not in use, thus reducing the volume of electronic waste and consequently reducing greenhouse gas emissions and global warming.
The Malaysian Experience in Development and Peace
The Malaysian political system offers a leading model in the management of pluralism, as it succeeded in forging an institutional environment that has absorbed ethnic and religious complexities and turned them from causes of conflict into tributaries of national enrichment . The importance of the research is highlighted in highlighting the pragmatic approach of political leadership, specifically during the era of Mahathir Muhammad, which has overcome structural crises through 'developmental engineering' and balanced political stability and steady economic. While growth the solutions were absent from similar international experiences, Malaysia was able to find a realistic path that rejects theoretical idealism and adopted gradual solutions, leaving the country with civil conflicts and achieving an economic boom that put Malaysia in the ranks of major emerging countries. The study concludes that the essence of Malaysian success lies in 'managing difference' as a tool for comprehensive development and resilient national integration.
Guarantees for the Collection of Tax Debt in Iraqi Law: A Comparative Analytical Study
Everyone strives to achieve legal and social justice through the balanced application of laws, guaranteeing the protection of rights and preventing the abuse of power, particularly about taxation, which is one of the most important sources of state revenue. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to ensure the proper implementation of tax law provisions by providing reciprocal legal safeguards to achieve a balance between the interests of the administration and the financial authority in collecting tax debt, and the rights of taxpayers to be protected from arbitrary collection of these debts or abuse of power in this regard The research problem lies in questioning the adequacy of the legal guarantees stipulated in tax legislation to achieve a balance between the tax administration's powers to collect taxes and the protection of taxpayers' rights, particularly concerning the confidentiality of tax information and enforcement and collection procedures. This research aims to clarify the nature of these legal guarantees established for the implementation of tax law provisions, analyze their role in protecting taxpayers on the one hand, and enabling the tax authority to collect public revenues efficiently on the other. It also aims to clarify the guarantees related to the protection and confidentiality of tax information, the judicial authority of tax officials, prior notification procedures, and the enforcement and precautionary guarantees associated with tax debt collection. The research is based on the premise that clear and balanced legal guarantees contribute to strengthening tax compliance, reducing instances of administrative abuse in tax collection, and curbing tax evasion, thereby ensuring the fair and sound implementation of tax law provisions. The research reached a few conclusions, most notably that the tax legislator, through the enactment of legal guarantees, seeks to achieve a balance between protecting the state's financial resources and safeguarding taxpayers' rights. Regarding ensuring the confidentiality of tax information and defining the powers granted to tax officials, these are fundamental pillars for strengthening trust between taxpayers and the tax administration. Similarly, executive, and precautionary guarantees have a significant impact on reducing delays or evasion in tax payments. As for the most important recommendations of the research, they include the necessity for financial authorities to adhere to proper legal procedures when collecting tax debts, as well as strengthening oversight of the exercise of tax powers to prevent administrative abuse, developing mechanisms for protecting tax data and information, and raising taxpayers' awareness of their legal rights and obligations to ensure higher tax compliance and thus reduce the negative effects of delayed or non-payment of taxes on the state's financial resources and treasury .
The impact of the Jordanian Deposit Guarantee Corporation on depositor confidence and banking stability - An analytical study
Deposit guarantee institutions are considered among the most important tools for enhancing confidence in banks and protecting depositors' rights. This paper aims to analyze the role of the Jordanian Deposit Guarantee Corporation (JODIC) in boosting depositor confidence and increasing the volume of bank deposits, thereby supporting the stability of the banking sector in Jordan. This study seeks to analyze the role of the Jordanian Deposit Guarantee Corporation in enhancing depositor confidence and increasing deposit volumes, addressing the core research problem: the need to measure the institution's actual impact on banking sector stability. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, conducting a survey of a sample of employees in the banking sector. The results revealed a strong positive relationship between the Corporation's activities and an increased level of banking confidence, demonstrating that its presence explains a sizable portion of the variation in depositor trust levels. Based on these direct findings, the study puts forward key recommendations: increasing awareness of the Corporation's role among depositors and periodically reviewing the guaranteed compensation ceiling to align with the requirements of banking stability.
The Activity-Based Costing Techniques to Managerial Decision Improvement
This study applies the Activity-Based Costing (ABC) technique in the Midland Oil Company (a state-owned enterprise) to examine its role in supporting economic decision-making. The aim is to determine the cost of producing a barrel of oil and to rationalize such costs based on systematic approaches. The research addresses the problem of relying on unsystematic costing methods, which has led to unreliable data, higher uncertainty in decision-making, and a noticeable increase in oil production costs across the Iraqi oil sector. These challenges are attributed to the absence of modern managerial practices and the lack of adoption of advanced cost management techniques, resulting in significant resource waste, particularly with unutilized associated gas, The study is built on the hypothesis that adopting activity-based costing improves cost system outputs and supports managerial decisions. Findings show that the company does not classify its activities in line with strategic cost management techniques, leading to inequitable cost allocation and difficulties in tracing costs. However, applying ABC enabled the identification of field-specific activities, elimination of non-value-adding costs, and better resource utilization. Consequently, the company reduced its total production costs by IQD 70,796 million, representing an 8.49% decrease, through the removal of economically unproductive activities.
Synthesis and Characterization of Indole-Based Azomethine Compounds and Investigation of Their Dielectric Properties in Polyvinyl Alcohol Films
The following study reports on the synthesis of a series of organo-Schiff bases (M1–M5) through condensation reactions between indole-3-carboxaldehyde and various aromatic and heterocyclic amines such as 4-aminoacetophenone, 2-aminobenzothiazole, 2-aminothiazole, 2-aminopyridine, and 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol. The synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR and ¹H-NMR techniques for confirmation of the proposed structures. Since these compounds do not form stable films in the solid state, they were incorporated into a polyvinyl alcohol matrix, and composite films were prepared using the solution casting technique to study their electrical properties. The measurements revealed that all composite films are characterized by a decrease in the true dielectric constant (ε′) with increasing frequency, whereas both imaginary permittivity (ε″) and alternating current conductivity (σ(ac)) increase with increasing frequency. The results also indicated that the electrical properties depend on the molecular structure of the Schiff base compounds. Among them, the film containing compound M4 showed the highest values of dielectric permittivity and conductivity, while the M1 and M2 films showed the lowest values of dielectric loss and conductivity.
Correlation of Zinc and Magnesium with Thyroid Dysfunction
Introduction: Thyroid diseases rank as the second most common endocrine disorder worldwide, after diabetes mellitus. Thyroid hormones are essential for growth, neuron development, reproduction, and energy metabolism, influencing the metabolism of all substances, including minerals. Numerous studies have shown that thyroid issues often disrupt mineral metabolism. This study aims to measure serum zinc and magnesium levels in individuals with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism and to correlate these levels with serum Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4), Free T3 (FT3), Free T4 (FT4), and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH). Methods: The study included twenty individuals with hypothyroidism, twenty with hyperthyroidism, and twenty with normal thyroid function as controls. Blood samples were collected to measure serum T3, T4, FT3, FT4, and TSH using the autoanalyzer method (minividas), while serum zinc and magnesium levels were measured using spectrophotometry. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25 software, employing independent sample t-tests for means and standard deviations, with a significance level of 0.05 (P value). Pearson correlation was used to determine the relationships between the markers. Results: The results showed that serum zinc and magnesium levels were significantly lower (p<0.001) in individuals with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism compared to controls. There was a notable positive correlation between zinc and magnesium levels and thyroid hormones T3 and T4. In hypothyroidism, a negative correlation with serum TSH levels was observed. In hyperthyroidism, zinc and magnesium levels negatively correlated with T3 and T4 but positively correlated with TSH. No significant correlation was found between serum zinc and magnesium levels and FT3 and FT4 levels. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that mineral metabolism is altered in thyroid dysfunction, and dysregulated zinc and magnesium metabolism can lead to various metabolic diseases. Early preventive measures, such as mineral supplementation or hormone replacement therapy, may help manage these secondary conditions.
The impact of strategic agility on improving tourism services. An exploratory study by the Iraqi Tourism Authority in Baghdad))
This research aims to analyze the impact of agility on improving tourism services through a case study. The research population consists of employees working at the Iraqi Tourism Authority in Baghdad. To this end, the dimensions of strategic agility (Strategic Sensitivity, Core Competencies, Clarity of Vision, And Shared Responsibility) were adopted as the independent variable, followed by the dependent variable (improvement of tourism services) with its dimensions of (reliability, responsiveness, trust and security, empathy, and tangibility). Since the research population comprises employees of the Iraqi Tourism Authority, the researcher randomly distributed 54 questionnaires to the population, all of which were returned, to measure the correlation between the independent variables and the dependent variable. One of the most important findings of the research is that the Iraqi Tourism Authority should develop a clear strategic plan that defines its objectives, vision, and values, and outlines strategies to achieve these objectives. The correlation values ​​between the dimensions of strategic agility and the improvement of tourism services reached (0.701**, 0.643**, 0.623**, 0.724**). The research indicates a significant effect of strategic agility on improving tourism services, as evidenced by the Adj R2 value. This shows that the agility (β) effect of the dimensions of strategic sensitivity and shared responsibility is real, since increasing the effect by one unit leads to an increase in the improvement of tourism services by (29% and 32%), respectively. However, the effect of the dimensions of clarity of vision and core capabilities showed that they have no significant effect on improving .
A review of polymers for biomedical applications
In addition to their usage in the creation of medical devices, polymer materials hold great promise for advancing several critical biomedical applications, most notably tissue engineering. This paper is comprises of a general review on Biopolymers are natural or synthetic polymers derived from biological source applications. They are safe, less toxic, and comparatively simple. In this paper, Polymer biomaterials are selected for Hard and soft Tissues applications are discussed based on a range of criteria the most important aspect is, biocompatibility. The paper concludes with advancements and in Innovations Biopolymers and the increasingly being used in the development of prosthetic limbs. In addition to Challenges and Future Directions facing biopolymer applications. The criteria for polymeric materials dedicated to biomedical applications are quite stringent and are primarily driven by the safety of their future users and patients.
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A Future Review and Reliability Evaluation of PMSM in EV
In recent years, electric motors have advanced to meet the demands for improved efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. These motors enhance the driving experience by boosting torque, acceleration, and overall performance. As vehicle power output rises, there is increasing focus on cost, efficiency, and driving dynamics. This paper examines the reliability of motors used in EVs and their drives. It thoroughly reviews relevant research, incorporating findings from various studies on dynamic reliability, fault tolerance, and thermal effects. The engineering strategies and comparative insights provided here offer a practical guide for future research and development in EV motor drive reliability. This article delivers a comprehensive review of the comparative reliability of PMSMs compared to other EV motor drives, highlighting their performance in dynamic conditions, design challenges, and fault-tolerant features.
Study of reducing fuel acidity inside the boiler of power plants using PentoMag and reducing the percentage of toxic emissions
Corrosion of steam boilers in fuel-fired power plants poses a significant operational and economic challenge, primarily caused by the formation of acidic gases during fuel combustion. The aim of this investigation is to examine the effect of PentoMag (supplied by Pentol Renewable Energy Projects) on fuel behavior and its role in mitigating boiler corrosion at the Wasit Power Plant, Unit 6. The experimental work extended over eight weeks, during which the pH of ash solutions, free acid levels, and concentrations of emitted gases (SOx and CO) were systematically analyzed. The results revealed that, prior to treatment, the pH values of the ash solutions were strongly acidic (1.99–2.3), which directly contributed to corrosion caused by the formation of sulfuric acid inside the boiler. After adding the treated material, pH values increased to 3.8–4.2, reflecting a shift toward a less aggressive acidic medium. Likewise, free acid concentrations dropped significantly from 5.8 - 6 to negligible values (0–0.0040). Gas analysis further confirmed the positive impact of the treatment, with carbon monoxide concentrations reduced from 17–33 ppm to 4–12 ppm, and sulfur oxides decreased from 168–189 ppm to 49–90 ppm. Overall, the application of PentoMag as a fuel additive demonstrated apparent effectiveness in mitigating fuel acidity, reducing harmful emissions, and enhancing boiler efficiency and lifespan, offering a practical solution for sustainable operation in power plants.
Toxic effects of cadmium chloride on pregnancy, kidneys, and livers of newly born albino rats.
Cadmium is an environmentally toxic metal, and epidemiological studies have confirmed that exposure to it originates from various environmental sources. Study investigates the effect of cadmium chloride on uterus in rats and newborn livers and kidneys. Twenty female rats, aged 6–8 weeks and weighing 200–250 g, were divided into two groups. Group A received distilled water, while Group B received oral CdCl₂ at a dose of 40 mg/kg/day via gastric gavage, five times per week. The first day after birth, the kidneys and livers of the newborns were collected, while the non-pregnant rats were sacrificed after 35 days to collect the uterus for routine histological examination. Histopathological examination of newborn kidneys revealed mild granular degeneration and a little necrosis of lining cells of renal tubules while livers showed a similar histological feature to control group. The uterus revealed marked hyperplasia of the endometrial epithelium with noticeable multiple glandular cyst formations and marked mitotic figures of the glandular lining cells, along with many tissue macrophages laden with hemosiderin. The study showed that exposure to oral CdCl₂ affected female rats; approximately 80% of the cases were non-pregnant. Meanwhile, 20% of the pregnant females showed a decrease in the number of newborns. Examination of the newborns’ kidneys showed several changes, while the livers were similar to those of the control group.
The Role of the Compliance Officer in Auditing Compliance to Meet the Requirements of the Central Bank of Iraq
The Central Bank of Iraq is one of the supervisory bodies over private banks, as it seeks to preserve the banking system through a set of tools, the most prominent of which is the creation of the position of Compliance Controller, which is part of compliance controls, and mandated banks to appoint personnel to monitor the implementation of its circulars based on its letter No. 9-3-346, dated 20-8-2019 “Sharia Compliance Report and Compliance Monitoring”, which takes it upon itself to follow up on the bank’s commitment to the instructions and decisions issued by the Central Bank and the Board of Directors, in addition to providing advice and consultation in order to correct violations, if any, to avoid being exposed to financial and administrative penalties. The study sought to demonstrate the impact of this function and the procedures it undertakes, which could affect a bank's exposure to penalties for non-compliance with requirements. An inspection form was used to verify compliance with the requirements specified by the Central Bank of Iraq. At the end of the study, the research reached a set of conclusions, the most prominent of which is that the compliance officer in banks, as one of the bank’s departments within its organizational structure, has specific justifications. These include contributing to avoiding legal penalties on the bank and preventing financial losses and risks to the bank’s reputation. Banks face many and diverse risks due to their business and activities. Among these risks, which have notably increased in recent years, are legal penalty risks, reputational risks, and economic loss risks. These three risks are referred to as compliance risks.
The Possible Association of Adenovirus – 36 Infection with Obesity, DM – I and DM – II in some Groups of Iraqi Patients
Obesity, DM-I, and DM-II are considered major health problems and life threats for some groups of people. Many studies have revealed that the prevalence of Adv36 infection in 30% or more in the obese adult population and dramatically human adenovirus-36 (Adv36) upregulates distal insulin signaling in vitro and in vivo studies. The current study aimed to explore the association of Adenovirus – 36 infections with obesity, DM-I, and DM-II in some groups of Iraqi patients, and according to our knowledge, in Iraq, there is no published study on this topic. In total, 90 serum samples of three age groups of patients were distributed as 45 samples of patients with DM-I and another 45 samples of patients with DM-II. The presence of Adv36 Abs in serum was determined by using the “Qualitative Human Adenovirus 36 Antibody (ADV36Ab) ELISA Kit”. The prevalence of Adv36 positivity was higher in DM-II as (31.1%) followed by DM-I which estimated as (21.1%) in significant differences compared with the negativity (p< 0.05). Furthermore, that positivity was paralleled with the increase of obesity prevalence as (12.2%) in obese class I patients had been with DM-II (p< 0.05). In addition, the Adv36-positive serology test was more associated with (8 – 25) of age interval and patients with obese class I (p< 0.05), even more in females compared to males with significant differences (p< 0.05). The current results showed an association of Adv-36 antibodies existence with obesity and particularly it has been associated with overweight. Furthermore, Adv-36 positivity was related to DM-II patients first then followed by DM-1 for the Iraqi patients. Finally, our results give the warning to evaluate the issues with more highly efficient laboratories and clinical techniques to confirm the real role of Adv-36 as a co-factor with obesity in obese and diabetic Iraqi patients.
Polyurethane Classification, Properties, Synthesis, and Application- A Review
Polyurethane is a synthetic polymer with a wide range of applications due to its unique structure and properties. This review highlights the chemistry of polyurethane and its several types. Polyurethanes are classified according to their chemical structure into polyether polyurethanes and polyester polyurethanes. Polyurethanes are also classified according to their shape into flexible polyurethanes and rigid polyurethanes. These polymers are produced by the reaction of polyisocyanates and polyols, and other additives are also added during their preparation, including catalysts, chain extenders and crosslinkers, surfactants, and blowing agents. The physical and chemical properties of polyurethanes have given them numerous industrial applications, including) coatings, adhesives, sealants, plastics, automotive, medical, textiles and apparels, marine, and wood-based polyurethane composites.
Pan-Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: A Review of Current and Investigational Treatment Options
The rise of pan-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (PDR-AB) is a growing global health concern, especially in hospital settings. This review provides an overview of current and emerging treatment strategies for managing infections caused by PDR-AB. Several antibiotic combinations such as colistin with rifampicin, fosfomycin with tigecycline or meropenem, and cefepime with Ampicillin/sulbactam, have shown promising results in laboratory and clinical studies. These combinations work by targeting different resistance mechanisms and helping restore the effectiveness of older drugs. New and experimental approaches, including photodynamic therapy, nanocomposite systems, natural plant-based compounds (e.g., baicalein), and bacteriophage therapy, offer additional treatment options. Furthermore, novel agents like peptide nucleic acids, DHODH inhibitors, and the macrocyclic antibiotic zosurabalpin are under investigation and may play an important role in future therapies. Together, these multi-targeted strategies represent a hopeful path forward for overcoming resistance and improving outcomes for patients with life-threatening PDR-AB infections.
Enhanced Gate Security System using CNN for Iraqi Vehicle and License Plate Detection
This paper presents the development of an advanced gate security system using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for the detection and recognition of Iraqi vehicles and their license plates. The proposed architecture consists of an image acquisition module, a preprocessing and segmentation pipeline, a CNN-based license plate recognition model, and a gate control unit integrated with a stepper motor and Arduino controller. The system works on a dataset of Iraqi license plate images obtained from public sources, standing for various lighting conditions, angles, and font styles to ensure robustness. Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves perfect accuracy, with 100% precision, recall, and F1-score across all tested digit classes. These results show the system’s capability to accurately classify license plates, even under challenging scenarios such as poor lighting or partial occlusion. The high reliability and automation potential of this approach make it highly suitable for real-world gate control applications, especially in sensitive environments such as government buildings and secure facilities. This work highlights the importance of integrating AI-based solutions into modern security infrastructures to enhance access control with minimal human intervention and improved operational efficiency.
Detection and Analysis of Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques
Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) is a leading cause of vision impairment among diabetic patients, underscoring the critical need for early and accurate detection to ensure effective management. This study introduces an automated diagnostic system that detects and analyzes DME based on artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. Tested on 100 retinal fundus images, the system achieved 97% accuracy, 98% sensitivity, and 96% specificity. A comprehensive dataset including 800 real retinal images and 500 anonymized patient records was collected from Ibn Al-Haytham Eye Hospital and processed using a custom-built Python-based pipeline. The proposed system integrates advanced image processing and optical character recognition (OCR) algorithms to extract relevant diagnostic features and classify DME cases efficiently. The average processing time per image was approximately 1.2 seconds, making the system suitable for real-time clinical environments. Furthermore, all diagnostic outcomes were automatically exported to structured Excel reports to facilitate further analysis and integration with electronic health records. A user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) was also developed to allow clinicians to upload images, review classification results, and manage patient information seamlessly. This approach offers a practical and scalable solution that enhances diagnostic workflow, supports clinical decision-making, and contributes to improved patient care in ophthalmology.
The role of accounting information quality in enhancing interim financial reports and its impact on information asymmetry.
This study aims to examine the impact of accounting information quality—reflected in its qualitative characteristics—on improving the quality of interim financial reports and reducing information asymmetry. The research employs a descriptive analytical approach based on data collected from multiple sources and a questionnaire distributed to heads of accounts, accountants, and internal auditors in a sample of banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between accounting information quality and both the quality of interim financial statements and the reduction of information asymmetry. The results confirm that accounting information quality plays a crucial role in enhancing financial reporting quality and minimizing information asymmetry.
Batool Younus Sabeeh Al-Tameem Al-Tameem
An Enhanced Manta Ray Foraging Algorithm with Lévy Flight and Heuristic Operator for Efficient Scientific Workflow Scheduling in Cloud Environments
Scientific workflow scheduling in cloud environments is challenging due to the dynamic availability of resources and interdependence among tasks. This article presents a novel hybrid solution—namely Lévy-Heuristic Manta Ray Foraging Optimization Algorithm (LH-MRFOA)—to tackle these challenges. The suggested approach incorporates Lévy flights into the classic Manta Ray Foraging Optimization (MRFO) to enhance global exploration and introduces a heuristic dependency management operator for task assignment optimization and wait time minimization. Comprehensive experimentation on benchmark standards (Inspiral, CyberShake, Montage, SIPHT, and Epigenomics) validates that LH-MRFOA consistently outperforms traditional meta-heuristics (GA, PSO) and variant MRFO enhancements in minimizing makespan and operational cost. These findings recognize LH-MRFOA's potential for large-scale, data-heavy applications requiring timely and affordable use of resources in modern cloud data centers.
The Relationship Between the Immunological Markers and the Effects of Ascorbic Acid in Patients with Celiac Disease
Background: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion, resulting in intestinal inflammation, villous atrophy, and systemic complications. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is a potent antioxidant that may help mitigate oxidative damage and modulate immune responses in CD. Aims of the study: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ascorbic acid on immunological markers in CD patients. Materials and Methods; A total of 36 blood samples from CD patients and 50 healthy controls were analyzed. Immunological markers, including anti-gliadin antibodies IgA and IgG (AGA-IgA, IgG) and anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA and IgG (tTG-IgA, IgG), were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Redox activity was assessed pre- and post- Blood treatment with ascorbic acid using cyclic voltammetry. Results: CD patients exhibited significantly higher levels of AGA-IgG (149.13 ± 58.40 pg/mL vs. 4.41 ± 3.87 pg/mL, p ≤ 0.0001), AGA-IgA (107.89 ± 83.18 pg/mL vs. 4.53 ± 4.22 pg/mL, p ≤ 0.0001), tTG-IgG (96.81 ± 84.76 pg/mL vs. 2.60 ± 3.02 pg/mL, p ≤ 0.0001), and tTG-IgA (139.22 ± 74.36 pg/mL vs. 3.52 ± 2.97 pg/mL, p ≤ 0.0001) compared to controls. ROC analysis confirmed high diagnostic accuracy of AGA and tTG markers (AUC ≥ 0.95). Correlation analysis demonstrated that ascorbic acid modulates redox activity and immune responses in CD patients. Conclusions: This study highlights ability to reduce oxidative stress of ascorbic acid in CD and stabilize immune responses. Further research is warranted to establish ascorbic acid’s clinical application in CD management.
Artificial Intelligence and Digital Transformation in Iraq: Strategic Integration Framework
This study examines the strategic role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in accelerating Iraq’s digital transformation, particularly within the public sector. It adopts a hybrid analytical methodology, combining SWOT and PESTEL frameworks, regional benchmarking, and a sector-specific case studies from different domains. The findings reveal untapped national potential, hindered by infrastructural and legislative gaps, yet propelled by political support and growing academic interest. The study presents an executable roadmap tailored to Iraq’s institutional realities, offering a practical model that positions Iraq to become a regional hub for AI innovation by 2030.
Empowering Intelligent Systems: A Comprehensive Review of Modern Optimization Techniques and Real-World Applications
Optimization techniques are fundamental enablers of modern intelligent systems. They are pivotal in many different applications. This paper presents a comprehensive and comparative review of key optimization algorithms—including Genetic Algorithms (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Gradient Descent, and the advanced Gaining Sharing Knowledge (GSK) model. The study critically analyses their design principles, convergence behaviour, adaptability, and parameter sensitivity. Leveraging fifty peer-reviewed real-world case studies published between 2020 and 2024, the review demonstrates how these techniques have been effectively applied across smart grid control, machine learning model tuning, intelligent healthcare, and logistics optimization. A comparative table summarizes algorithmic performance across five key dimensions, revealing practical trade-offs and domain-specific suitability. The study also identifies major challenges such as scalability, real-time adaptation, and explainability. In response, it outlines promising future directions including hybrid adaptive frameworks, quantum-inspired search strategies, and context-aware intelligent optimization. This review aims to guide researchers and practitioners in selecting, adapting, and deploying robust optimization strategies aligned with the complex demands of next-generation intelligent environments.
The Ripple Effect of Plastic Pollution: Environmental and Public Health Perspectives: A review
Plastic pollution is a major issue of the current century. This waste is found in seas, freshwater, lakes, rivers, coastal areas, and soil. In this article, this article discusses the various sources of plastic pollution, including the manufacturing process of plastics and the addition of materials to improve their properties, as well as the use of single-use plastics that are not recyclable, in addition to burning and illegal waste disposal in the open. The impact on public health is through human exposure to toxins from plastics in the environment directly through inhaling dust and fumes, consuming contaminated food and drink, and skin contact. Indirectly, when marine creatures consume microplastics, they will find their way into our diet. Recycling plastic waste and using bioplastics is one solution to alleviate this problem, but consideration must be given to reducing overall plastic consumption.
Real-time Monitoring, Fall Detection, and Emergency Notification IoT-Based System for COVID-19 Patients Using Biomedical and Environmental Sensors
Many patients, particularly the elderly, disabled individuals, those infected with COVID-19, and people living in isolation, require immediate care to prevent life-threatening situations in medical environments. Real-time monitoring ensures safe patient surveillance, enabling quick responses to emergencies. This paper presents the design and implementation of a real-time monitoring system that utilizes Arduino, mobile phone devices, and IoT-enabled biomedical and environmental sensors to measure heart rate, SpO2, body temperature, air quality, humidity, and detect falls. Wireless communication facilitates the placement of sensors anywhere, enabling real-time notifications via IoT and mobile networks. Arduino, Android Studio, and XAMPP are integrated into the proposed system’s architecture, overcoming the limitations of previous systems by providing greater flexibility, portability, and accuracy. The biomedical sensors were validated against medical-grade devices and demonstrated high accuracy. Heart rate readings showed a 98% correlation, SpO2 levels had an average error of less than 2%, and body temperature measurements deviated by only ±0.3°C compared to standard clinical thermometers. Additionally, the environmental sensors effectively monitored air quality and humidity, issuing alerts upon detecting significant deviations. When anomalies in air quality occurred, the system successfully generated emergency notifications with a 95% accuracy rate in identifying hazardous conditions.
Cherophobia among students at the City of Science University College
The current research aims to identify the presence of cherophobia among students at Madenat Al-Elelm University College and examin gender- based differences in its levels (male vs .female ) . to achieve these objectives, the researcher developed a cherophobia scale based on a theoretical framework. The scale consisted of (20) items. It was administered to a randomly selected sample of (300) male and female students from the college. The results indicated that college students either do not suffer from cherophobia or experience it at a very low level, there were statistically significant gender differences in cherophobia levels , with males exhibiting higher levels than females.
Synthesis and Characterization of Bi2O3: Sb Nanostructured Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis Method
In the present work, thin films of undoped bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) and bismuth oxide doped with antimony ( Bi2O3: Sb) were deposited on glass substrates by using the chemical spray pyrolysis process. We prepared the films with various weight percentages of antimony (0, 3, 5, 7, and 9 wt%). Throughout the experiment, the substrate was maintained at a consistent temperature of 380°C for the deposition operation. The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of antimony doping on the structural and optical characteristics of the Bi2O3 film. We studied the structural and optical properties of the prepared thin films using x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS). The X-ray diffraction results showed that the prepared films were polycrystalline with a tetragonal structure. Thin films of Sb doped Bi2O3 demonstrated increasing absorption with increasing the concentration of the dopant . The measured energy gap value for undoped Bi2O3 was 3.04 eV. Increasing the concentration of the antimony dopant led to a decrease in the energy gap value (from 3.04 to 2.48 eV). Undoped bismuth oxide and 9% Sb doped bismuth oxide were deposited on porous silicon, as it is used in solar cell manufacturing. The solar cell features were evaluated.
The impact of applying target costing technology and intelligent transportation systems on transportation costs
This research aims to demonstrate the significant role played by target costing technology as a technique compatible with modern technological developments, and intelligent transportation systems as a revolutionary force in the rapidly expanding contemporary transportation environment. Intelligent transportation systems combine advanced technology, data analysis, and communication systems aimed at enhancing the efficiency and safety of transportation networks. The target costing technique impacts the external environment by providing accurate information and a scientific basis for determining indirect costs, precisely measuring costs from the initial project planning stages through implementation and highlighting their impact on transportation costs. This technology also supports informed decision-making in the face of intense competition and multiple alternatives.
Application of value engineering technique and its reflection on cost leadership strategy
The research aims to achieve cost leadership in acid battery production according to the principles of reducing costs, increasing product quality, preserving the environment, and achieving a sustainable competitive advantage by using the information content of value engineering technology. This will help solve the research problem of the high costs of liquid acid batteries produced by the General Company for Automotive and Equipment Manufacturing - Battery Factory - Babylon 2 Factory, in addition to the increase in environmental pollutants that affect the health of workers as a result of failing to keep pace with rapid developments and not utilizing cost management techniques and modern manufacturing methods. This has led to the inability to compete in the market. Value engineering technology utilizes several methods, such as replacing non-environmentally friendly materials with environmentally friendly alternatives at a lower cost and recycling used batteries, in addition to working on increasing product quality. In order to achieve the research goal, the research population was chosen, represented by the General Company for Automotive and Equipment Manufacturing (Battery Factory), and Babylon 2 Factory was chosen as a sample for the research to apply the research variables to.
Judicial permissibility in a marriage lacking legal capacity and its impact on increasing divorce cases
With increasing calls to limit the marriage of minors through the media and seminars held by civil society organizations defending women and demanding their rights, and claims of an increase in divorce rates in particular for this group. This study came to determine the extent of the impact of judicial permissibility based on the text of Article (8) of the Personal Status Law No. 188 of 1959, as it explained the meaning of eligibility, its levels, conditions for achieving it, and everything related to the marriage of a minor from a legal perspective. It then shed light on the rates of marriage of minors compared to adults and the rates of divorce in these two categories through a field study in both the Personal Status Courts in Al-Kadhimiya and Dhat Al-Silsil and reviewing related records, and concluded with a set of results and recommendations.